Fahrenheit 451 Summary

Ray Bradbury’s 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 is set in a dystopian society that burns books in order to control dangerous ideas and unhappy concepts. The novel tells the story of Guy Montag, a fireman who questions the book-burning policy and undergoes extraordinary suffering and transformation as a result. Part 1: The Hearth and the Salamander When the novel begins, fireman Guy Montag is burning a hidden collection of books. He enjoys the experience; it is a pleasure to burn. After finishing his shift, he leaves the firehouse and goes home. On the way he meets a neighbor, a young girl named Clarisse McClellan. Clarisse tells Montag that she is crazy and she asks Montag many questions. After they part, Montag finds himself disturbed by the encounter. Clarisse has forced him to think about his life instead of simply offering superficial responses to her questions. At home, Montag discovers his wife, Mildred, unconscious from an overdose of sleeping pills. Montag calls for help and two technicians arrive to pump Mildreds stomach and perform a blood transfusion. They tell Montag that they no longer send doctors because there are so many overdoses. The next day, Mildred claims to have no memory of the overdose, believing she went to a wild party and woke up hungover. Montag is disturbed by her cheer and her inability to engage with what happened. Montag continues to meet Clarisse almost every night for talks. Clarisse tells him that she is sent to therapy because she does not enjoy the normal activities of life and prefers to be outside and to have conversations. Some weeks later Clarisse suddenly stops meeting him, and Montag is saddened and alarmed. The firemen are called to a book hoarder’s house. An old woman refuses to give up her library, and the firemen break in and begin to tear the house apart. In the chaos, Montag steals a copy of the Bible on impulse. The old woman then shocks him by setting herself and her books on fire. Montag goes home and attempts to engage Mildred in conversation, but his wife’s mind has regressed and she is incapable of even simple thoughts. He asks her what happened to Clarisse and she is able to tell him that the girl was hit by a car and killed a few days prior. Montag tries to sleep but imagines a Hound (a robotic assistant to the firemen) prowling around outside. The next morning, Montag suggests he might need a break from his work, and Mildred panics over the thought of not being able to afford their home and the large wall-sized televisions that provide her parlor wall family. Hearing of Montag’s crisis, Montag’s boss, Captain Beatty, explains the origin of the book-burning policy: because of shortening attention spans and increased protest against various books content, the society decided to voluntarily dispense of all books in order to prevent future trouble. Beatty suspects Montag has stolen a book, and tells Montag that a fireman who has stolen a book is usually given 24 hours to burn it. After that, the rest of the firemen will come and burn down his house. After Beatty leaves, Montag reveals to a horrified Mildred that he has been stealing books for a while, and has several hidden away. She attempts to burn them, but he stops her and says they will read the books and decide if they have any value. If not, he promises to burn them. Part 2: The Sieve and the Sand Montag hears the Hound outside the house, but tries to force Mildred to consider the books. She refuses, angry at being forced to think. Montag tells her that something is wrong with the world, that no one is paying attention to the bombers overhead that threaten nuclear war, and he suspects books might contain information that could help fix it. Mildred becomes angry, but soon gets distracted when her friend Mrs. Bowles calls to arrange a television viewing party. Frustrated, Montag telephones a man he’d met many years before: a former English professor named Faber. He wants to ask Faber about books, but Faber hangs up on him. Montag goes to Faber’s house via subway, taking the Bible with him; he attempts to read it but is constantly distracted and overwhelmed by the advertising being played incessantly. Faber, an old man, is suspicious and afraid. He initially refuses to help Montag in his quest for knowledge, so Montag begins to rip pages from the Bible, destroying the book. This act horrifies Faber and he finally agrees to help, giving Montag an earpiece so that Faber can guide him verbally from a distance. Montag returns home and interrupts Mildreds viewing party, turning off the parlor wall screens. He tries to engage Mildred and their guests in conversation, but they are revealed to be thoughtless and callous people who don’t even care for their own children. Disgusted, Montag begins reading from a book of poetry despite Faber’s pleas in his ear. Mildred tells her friends that this is something firemen do once a year to remind everyone how terrible books and the past were. The party breaks up, and Faber insists that Montag burn the poetry book to avoid arrest. Montag buries the rest of his book collection and takes the bible to the firehouse, handing it to Beatty. Beatty informs him that he himself was once a book-lover, but he realized that none of the knowledge in books was of any real use. A call comes in for the firemen and they climb onto the truck and race to the destination: Montag’s house. Part 3: Burning Bright Beatty tells Montag that his wife and her friends reported him. Mildred leaves the house in a daze and gets into a taxi without a word. Montag does as ordered and burns his own house down, but when Beatty discovers the earpiece and threatens to kill Faber, Montag burns him to death and attacks his fellow firemen. The Hound attacks him and injects tranquilizers into his leg before he can burn it as well. As he limps away he wonders if Beatty had wanted to die, and set up Montag to kill him. At Faber’s house, the old man urges Montag to flee into the wilderness and make contact with the Drifters, a group of people who have escaped society. They see another Hound being released on television. Montag meets the drifters, who are led by a man named Granger. Granger tells him that the authorities will fake Montag’s capture rather than admit to any flaw in their control, and sure enough, they watch on a portable television as a another man is identified as Montag and executed. The Drifters are former intellectuals, and they have each memorized at least one book with the intention of carrying its knowledge into the future. As Montag studies with them, bombers fly overhead and drop nuclear bombs on the city. The Drifters are far enough away to survive. The next day, Granger tells them about the legendary Phoenix that rose from the ashes, and muses that humans can do the same, except with the knowledge of their own mistakes to guide them. The group then begins walking towards the city to help rebuild society with their memorized wisdom.

The Fight to Be Beautiful Essay - 1949 Words

The Fight to be Beautiful Growing up we are surrounded by the media, and without acknowledging what is taking place, we are formed into gender roles that dictate our perspective and place in society. I remember opening my very first Seventeen Magazine. Flipping the pages I found images of beautiful girls, expensive clothing, and what would be, my very first diet plan. Headlines filled the pages on ways to improve your physical appearance, how to make all the boys want you, and what you would have to buy in order to make this happen. As a girl I did not question the path that these popular sources of media were leading me down. My friends and I would crowd around the television screen watching depictions of women that we envied.†¦show more content†¦The band geeks accompanied by their instruments at all times, the nerds consumed in large, glass frames, and the Goths that dripped black, industrial clothing from head to toe were just a few of the stereotypes frowned upon in thi s movie. Many young, impressionable girls fit the harsh characteristics of these so-called â€Å"losers.† Seeing the negative affiliation placed upon people similar to them delivers a negative message to these girls. The main character of this 2004 classic is Caddy Heron, played by Lindsey Lohan. Caddy changes every aspect of her life in order to become one of â€Å"The Plastics.† She diverts her intelligence in calculus in order to impress the perfectly sculpted jock, her conservative wardrobe becomes minimal, risquà ©, and of course pink, and her once good-hearted nature ceases to exist. She loses many friends on her way to the top of the high school totem pole , but being popular is her only concern. The plastics consist of three similarly beautiful, fake, and conceded young women: Gretchen, Karen, and queen bee, Regina George. The girls partake in a Burn book, that is used to gossip, hate, and ultimately humiliate the people who fill the pages. Scrutiny of thes e women’s looks are laid out in viscous words throughout the book. Not only do they place harsh judgement on every otherShow MoreRelatedThe Movie: Flicka838 Words   |  4 Pagesmisfit. One day, while out riding, Katy finds a beautiful black mustang and instantly feels an emotional connection with the wild horse. Katy begs her father, Rob McLaughlin (Tim McGraw), to let her keep the animal but he is convinced that the mustang would be bad for both his thoroughbred horses and his daughter. But Katy is certain she can break the strong-willed mustang and make her a champion. Katy then names her Flicka, a name meaning beautiful, young girl. As she struggles to tame the headstrongRead MoreHelen Of The And The Odyssey1342 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch deeper. The word/name Helen, in general, is known to be associated with beauty, however neither Homer nor Walcott goes into depth of her physical appearance to describe her beauty. Both Helen of the Odyssey and Omeros are still des cribed as beautiful, though it isn’t backed up with descriptions of their physical attributes but instead their actions and the actions of others towards them. One of the very few physical characteristics we know of between the two women is Helen of the Odyssey is white-skinnedRead MoreTroy and Trojan War850 Words   |  3 Pagesman do anything, Helen being a famous female character in this ancient time made the power of beauty strike. In this period of time walked many strong warriors, many famous warriors. But they all seemed to let Helen has the power. When being this beautiful I believe it came with a big price. She was blamed for the war. She was called the innocent, the guilty, the dangerous, the sinful, the irresponsible, and the woman who â€Å"launched a thousand ships†. She was blamed because these men were fools to herRead MoreSymbolism in Salvage the Bones787 Words   |  4 Pageseverything is important to her. She says, â€Å"For though I’m small , I know many things/ And my body is an endless eye/ Through which, unfortunately, I see everything† (Ward 66). Esch calls her body an endless eye, with which she sees hunger, poverty, dog fights, devastation, accidents, thefts, and finally, the Hurricane. She has seen how it is being motherless, and now she is experiencing the pregnancy from a man who has fallen in love with another woman. So, her body has also made her seen un-faithfulnessRead MoreRomeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare967 Words   |  4 Pages location and mood of the scenes. Props would also be used for this purpose. For example, if a scene was set during the night, there might be a number of torches on stage to depict darkness. The actors would carry swords ready for fight scenes and the actors playing servants would be seen carrying pots or items of clothing to convey their station. Shakespeare uses costume to tell the audience information. The higher class people would wear expensive formal clothes andRead More An Analysis of Brooks First Fight.Then Fiddle Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of Brooks First Fight.Then Fiddle  Ã‚   Gwendolyn Brooks First fight. Then Fiddle. initially seems to argue for the necessity of brutal war in order to create a space for the pursuit of beautiful art. The poem is more complex, however, because it also implies both that war cannot protect art and that art should not justify war. Yet if Brooks seems, paradoxically, to argue against art within a work of art, she does so in order create an artwork that by its very recognition of artsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Homer s The Iliad 975 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Greeks are there in the first place coming to fight for the return of Helen to Menelaus. Which Paris brought on himself by seducing the beautiful older Helen with his young, handsome charm, and blaming it on Aphrodite’s gift, Paris only being a man next to a beautiful women could not hold back his charm and whit and begun pleasuring Helen in Menelaus home. With that not being enough Paris went one step more and stole away this absolute beautiful creature with no warning or hesitation. Instead ofRead MoreLife Is Beautiful Critical Analysis1137 Words   |  5 PagesLife is Beautiful A fable is a story that teaches a moral lesson. Life is Beautiful is a fantastic story of love and heartbreak, along with a powerful moral message tied into the film. Life is Beautiful starts out as a love story, like the typical funny romantic tale of a man who falls for a beautiful lady and tries to win her affection, Life is Beautiful is also a story of a man who holds it together, for the sake of his young son, during a period of terrible horror and sadness, throughout Hitler’sRead MoreBody Image And Self Esteem Among Adolescents1685 Words   |  7 Pagesof body image is an issue that we see amongst many adolescents all around the world. This huge issue can be dealt by adults but the main victim of body imaging are adolescents. Everywhere, anyone goes, there is example of what society considers â€Å"beautiful.† Even if someone is not completely studying it, their subconscious is still registering all of the images and words to what society thinks is a perfect body . Everyday there are people that walk by magazines in stores, drive by billboards with modelsRead MoreThe Role of the Women in Greek Mythology1321 Words   |  6 Pageswas valuable about them but their beauty. When a woman was beautiful she was wanted by many men: a man would do almost anything to have the possession of a beautiful woman and have her as his property. It was as if a woman’s role was to only be a man’s beautiful possession and to procreate the lineage of a male or if he had a daughter, the means to secure power through marriage. Atalanta a character from the text Mythology, was a beautiful maiden who was the daughter of the king. When her father

David Hume- Aesthetics Free Essays

David Hume is one of the most significant thinkers among the Enlightenment. He is motivated by the question what is beauty, and how certain responses to artwork reflect objectivity. Hume’s essay of 1757,â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste† elegantly describes examples of the tradition of aesthetic judgment The growth of scientific knowledge influenced a sense of general optimism among Enlightenment thinkers. We will write a custom essay sample on David Hume- Aesthetics or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sense of optimism in result called for a more critical use of human intellect. By overturning long established dogmas, people scrutinized the very prerogatives of reason in relation to political and religious institutions. During this same time, theorists were trying to take account of all the various creative activities that were occurring such as poetry, music, dance, architecture, and sculpture etc. They generalized them into one category of â€Å"fine arts† or â€Å"beaux arts† assuming all activities were unified by the common function and purpose; pleasure. Hume devotes his aesthetic philosophy to describe and analyze art and taste within the field of criticism. clea Humes essay â€Å"Standard of Taste† is divided into four major parts. First part compares the two views of artistic values. He supports the idea of common sense what it comes to judging artwork. It seems from this philosophy that no response to artwork can be wrong because personal taste varies throughout people and therefore cannot be dismissed. Hume rejects the conclusion that beauty simply equates with the sentiment of pleasure received by the object or thing. This is because he says sentiment â€Å"exists merely in the mind† which makes no individual response more superior than another. The Second stage of Humes argument The third stage that Hume discusses in his essay (17 through 27) outlines what he believes constitutes a true judge of art and what may be required to improve ones own standard for judging art. Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice. † These specific factors in his mind would result in an individual worthy of a true judgment of at least a certain kind of artwork. In the fourth and concluding stage Hume stems from the third in the concept of who is the true stand ard. While seeking this specific critic of beauty one has to also take into account peculiar circumstances that may effect the experience and overall judgment of works. Circumstances can arise from unavoidable prejudices, which even the best critics cant avoid. Factors of natural differences such as age can result in generational differences, as well as cultural biases. A critics moral outlook constitutes as another circumstance that may complicate the judgment of certain kinds of works. Moderate moralism, Hume advocates as the best position to view works in because it confine circumstances where a work will be blemished by improper moral attitudes. David Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 7, 1711. He was a philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist. He is regarded as one of the most important thinkers of Western philosophy and the Enlightenment. He is known especially for his philosophical empiricism or sense derived knowledge and skepticism and also for his influence on another important thinker during the Enlightenment, Emanuel Kant. Hume constantly tried to describe how the mind works in regards to knowledge and how the mind works. Experience meant a lot to Hume because he thought it served as the basis of his theory of knowledge. Hume attended the University of Edinburgh at the extraordinarily young age of 10 or 12. At first his family and him thought that a career in law was what his future may entail due to a family tradition on both sides. Yet, later he had become inspired by the different pursuits of philosophy. After a nervous breakdown and a few years to recover in 1729, he tried a job in a merchants office in 1734. He then came to a turning point in his life where he retired to France to spend the majority of his time studying and writing. During this time spent Hume produced a writing which was separated into three books called A Treatise of Human Nature. These books was the first of Hume’s attempts at a full fledged philosophical endeavor. It was certainly his most thoroughly written product of his thoughts mostly explaining his theories about mans process of thought and knowledge. During his younger years, Hume was earning enough money to gain leisure for his philosophical studies. In this time he wrote, rewrote, and added to the book, Treatise. It was in this set of three books that Hume developed his mature thought about the nature of reasoning in regards to fact and experience. The growth of scientific knowledge influenced a sense of general optimism among Enlightenment thinkers. This sense of optimism in result called for a more critical use of human intellect. By overturning long established dogmas, people scrutinized the very prerogatives of reason in relation to political and religious institutions. Hume was the first philosopher of the post medieval world to reformulate the skepticism of the ancients. (Cranston) His conclusion that man is more a creature of senses and practical sentiment or taste than that of reason guided many prominent philosophers to follow. Hume’s general analysis of measuring the aesthetic experience of an object or thing is generated from a personal taste. He believes that there is no wrong evaluative response to a work of art. No reaction or opinion can be dismissed simply because it maybe disfavored by the majority. If something is beautiful to someone then this fact cannot be argued or judged upon by another. Of course, this philosophy comes with certain limitations and specifications determining who is worthy of true judgment of works according to David Hume. In Hume’s essay he outlines what people can do to improve one’s taste and what kind of qualities must be instilled to qualify as a true judge of at least some kinds of works of art. Five qualities, Hume says, would qualify for this job. â€Å"Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice†. These conditions he believes need to be evident in order to achieve a more qualified personal taste towards a specific kind of work. Even with the best critics there can be certain complicating circumstances that can interfere with judgment. Hume believes these kinds of unavoidable prejudices come from a matter of moral outlook. Bias that comes from individual morality varies greatly and Hume thinks that this can be a huge flaw when it comes to a persons judgment of work. Hume advocates a position of moderate moralism when it comes to â€Å"the natural boundaries of vice and virtue†. This way the works being exposed to the individual judge will not be blemished by overt premonitions. When interpreting Hume’s essay about taste it is hard not to consider the possibility of contradiction because he recommends two very different standards. Hume seeks to find the true rule regarding how to measure sentiments of beauty in regards to personal taste. In doing so, the reader receives two sources of ideas from this search. The question now is whether a good critic defines good art, or good art in terms of good critics. Another aspect regarding Hume’s essay is the very idealistic vision of the most qualified judge of beauty. I find that this ideal critic couldn’t possibly exist because it is only natural for our different background of culture, morals, and religion to effect our opinions. Tastes in Hume’s context are the pleasures or displeasures that a person can take in the beauties of poems, paintings, and other artistic compositions. For Hume, taste is the capacity for one to react and conceive responses based on external stimuli. This ability to correspond external stimuli with an initial response or reaction is what we would call an â€Å"aesthetic experience†. When looking at works of art one can either accept it as pleasurable and attractive or disregard it as ugly or unpleasant. Both of these separate reactions require such experience to occur. In addition, the value judgments that occur in result indefinitely effect our value of taste. The position Hume holds in the essay is that some people who qualify as the â€Å"true† judges determine the good works of art. Hume discuss’ the receptive side of art criticism rather than the creative side that actually conceives and creates the art itself. The position Hume holds in the essay is that some people who qualify as the â€Å"true† judges determine the good works of art. For Hume, taste is the capacity for one to react and conceive responses based on external stimuli. This ability to correspond external stimuli with an initial response or reaction is what we would call an â€Å"aesthetic experience†. When looking at works of art one can either accept it as pleasurable and attractive or disregard it as ugly or unpleasant. Both of these separate reactions require such experience to occur. In addition, the value judgments that occur in result indefinitely effect our value of taste. Hume contends that differences in aesthetic taste are too obvious and great to deny. It is the extent of these differences that indicate whether the reality of universal approval or disapproval effects an individuals taste. In almost every culture there will be a consensus or general analysis when evaluating certain works. Hume does not see a big difference between artistic and moral values. He corresponds the two as related and both a factor in the judgment of arts. Tastes are â€Å"sentiments† and opinions or â€Å"judgments†. While all sentiments coming from any individual could be considered right, only few judgments or opinions remain right. Taste is considered a sentiment and therefore subjective by all means. In relation things that exist such as beauty and deformity are also extremely subjective qualities. The sentiment therefore exist merely in the mind of the individual who contemplates them. Yet, this existence does not constitute a valid opinion or judgment based on what existing in the mind. Taste is irredeemably subjective, individual in scope, culturally and historically conditioned, therefore relativistic. It seems as if Hume is stuck between two different conclusions, relativism and objectivism. He mostly settles between the two How to cite David Hume- Aesthetics, Papers

Risk Management In Project Management Data From The Check-in Element

Question: Describe about the Risk Management in Project Management for Data from the Check-in Element? Answer: Introduction and Background Research Risk management is the process of prioritization, assessment and the identification of risks followed by practical as well as a coordinated application of the resources. The process of risk management is implemented to minimize, control and monitor the impact and the probability of unfortunate events or to maximize the opportunity realization (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). This study would focus on the discussion that is related to the difficulties experienced at the time of the expansion of Abu Dhabi Airport. Therefore, the study would shed light on the discussion of the risk considerations that should be taken into consideration while managing as well as constructing a complex and an ambitious international project by concentrating more on the points of Risk Management. The background of the research is relating to the Abu Dhabi International Airport expansion. It has owned five airports in the UAE, and this airport is one of the fastest-growing airport hubs all over the globe. Now, it is serving from 56 countries, in 97 destinations. 20 million passengers, in 2014 have passed through the airport that is an increase of twenty percent on 2013 (Abudhabiairport.ae 2016.). Therefore, Abu Dhabi International Airport has decided to consider an ambitious strategy to expand the airport for meeting the surging demand. Thus, the airport authority has taken a decision of constructing "Midfield Terminal Building" (MTB) to make an appropriate expansion. This building with 700000 m2 area would incorporate the largest baggage-handling system around the globe, catering and cargo facilities, utilities and other infrastructures about the expansion. On the other hand, the MTB would also become the passenger's primary gateway as well as Etihad Airway's home (Abudhabiai rport.ae 2016). Analysis and Synthesis Critical Analysis of Difficulties faced during to Abu Dhabi Airport Expansion Any business expansion cannot be implemented without facing any risks or challenges. In the case of the expansion of Abu Dhabi International Airport (Breysse et al. 2013), several risks are also there, and these risks can become obstacles in the way to their success. According to Wilke, Majumdar and Ochieng (2014), airports have the highly complicated structure, as well as the construction and the expansion of the airports, require an aimed, proactive and focused approach towards the delivery of their projects. The Abu Dhabi International Airport has considered an ambitious strategy of the expansion for meeting the surging demands of the airport. The major expansion project of the Abu Dhabi International Airport is the construction of the "Midfield Terminal Building" (MTB). MTB would serve several services incorporating the biggest baggage handling system in the world, with catering and cargo facilities, utilities and other important infrastructure (Fewings 2013). Hence, in this scenario, one of the biggest challenges or risks of this vast project is the complexity associated with the construction of the project. For example, the difficulties that Abu Dhabi Airport Authority has faced, are risks associated with the project controls, project-level scheduling, contract administration and commercial management as well as consultancy and modeling of ongoing building information on the gateway process development (Squalli 2014). The Abu Dhabi Airport Expansion is not just a scheme of constructi on of the Midfield Terminal Building, but it is the delivery of system interaction (Kaabi 2014). This systems interaction delivery with a central space sits within a single building which can even capture three football pitches with full size. Therefore, with the size of the building, it can easily be understood that some constraints are also large. The reason is the amount of constraints or risks associated with the project are always directly proportional to the size of the project (Rauda Al Saadiand 2013). Hence, in this scenario, such an undertaking of the project of the expansion of Abu Dhabi International Airport needs a huge amount of interfaces as well as resource to implement the entire construction of Midfield Terminal Building. According to Asif (2016), the insufficient amount of resources or in other words, the shortfall of resources and interfaces is a very crucial problem for any construction project. In the case of this expansion project, this kind of risk has also created a huge impact on the implementation of the construction of Midfield Construction building (Haimes 2015). On the other hand, the construction of Midfield Terminal Building faces some very critical risks or challenges. For example, such risks are involved in the taxes for the construction, failure to meet the cost and quality targets and meeting deadlines (Artto and Kahkonen 2013). In spite of being one of the fastest-growing airport hubs worldwide, Abu Dhabi International Airport has faced these difficulties or constraints while implementing this project. According to Al-Dhaheri and Kang (2015), the reason for this difficulty is that the construction of any huge project is an undeniably risky project, as well as the risks associated with the project, are often become very difficult to avoid. A very important fact is associated with these risks is that all the challenges or difficulties faced in a project are correlated and connected with each other (Wilke, Majumdar and Ochieng 2014). Some of the risks have a great dependency on each other. For an instance, the occurrence of delay always results in the increase in costs. On the other hand, according to Al-Dhaheri (2015), the injury to workers is one of the most common risks for any construction project. Hence, this kind of risk has also arised in this expansion project. The teams of construction projects like this expansion of Abu Dhabi International Airport are made up of diverse multicultural individuals. Therefore, without a proper plan to manage these issues, it has resulted in a critical difficulty or challenge towards the execution of this project. In this current scenario, Abu Dhabi International Airport expansion has also faced such difficulties while constructing Midfield Terminal Building (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). The combination of all the difficulties or risks into a coherent whole meant giving concise as well as clear information for supporting the decisions of investment taken from Abu Dhabi International Airport, helping the airport authority for progressing with enough confidence and also assuring that both of the risks and costs were proactively managed and recognized as well. Discussion on Risk Consideration After identifying risks associated with certain construction, it is required to recognize or to consider the key risks those would create the most significant impact on the project. Hence, in this construction project of Abu Dhabi International Airport expansion, certain risks should be taken into consideration (Roumboutsos and Pantelias 2015). These risks would be considered while managing as well as constructing a complex and an ambitious international construction project about the expansion of Abu Dhabi International Airport (Wilke, Majumdar and Ochieng 2014). Therefore, Abu Dhabi Airport authority must consider a set of factors of risks to determine whether to take on the project and how to schedule and price the construction once they have involved in it (Fewings 2013). There are various kinds of risks are associated with a particular project. These risks can be categorized into five segments. However, the risks those have been mentioned and critically analyzed in the previous section can be categorized into those five categorized. Political Risks These kinds of risks are mainly faced by the governments, corporations and investors. This kind of risk can also be managed and understood with the reasoned investment and foresight (Asif 2016). For instance, it may result in the politically motivated risks among the risk management team of the project. Another political constraint associated with the project is to keep the framework, the requirements of governance bodies and templates easy for understanding (Haimes 2015). Financial risks This kind of risk is comprised of several kinds of risks associated with financing, incorporating financial transactions that incorporate the loans of a particular company in risk of default. Poor schedule performance and cost of this international construction of Midfield Terminal Building often result in more financial risks or difficulties for this project (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). Social Risk The social risks are associated with the difficulties faced by the stakeholders to the business practices of a particular company due to perceived or real impacts of business on a wide range of risks in relation to the human welfare (Roumboutsos and Pantelias 2015). In the case of this Abu Dhabi Airport expansion, a significant social challenge or risks that the airport authority has to face during the expansion has included a disparate range of stakeholders in the project at various levels to understand the risk management (Al-Dhaheri 2015). Technological Risks These kinds of risks threaten processes and assets pivotal to any business and can also prevent the compliance with impact profitability, regulations and also damage the regulation of that organization in the marketplace (Artto and Kahkonen 2013). As an example, the technical risks of this project are associated with the management of risk data across the program through more than 30 Excel sheets and the effort of risk management that was being siloed inefficiently at the project level (Rauda Al Saadiand 2013). Contractual Risks This kind of risk is associated with the probability of loss arising from the reneging of buyers on the contract, as opposed to the inability of buyers for paying. As an example, a limited amount of research that has been carried out for addressing these exceptional issues and most efforts for evaluating and assessing the risks those generated along with the international construction are failed and fragmented for providing adequate assistance towards the project management department (Kaabi 2014). This kind of challenge involves a low maturity level of entire risk with limited information about risk for supporting the process of decision making and the reporting of risk management (Al-Dhaheri and Kang 2015). Conclusions and Recommendation Recommendation To mitigate the risks associated with the expansion project of Abu Dhabi International Airport, the risk management teams have identified the requirement for identifying and mitigating the risks in the project at the most suitable level. They have also fixed the initial brief for the team of managers who deal with the risk mitigation. The team of the clients of Abu Dhabi International Airport overcame the issues of insufficient risk management in several ways. Therefore, the risk management team of clients has designed the plan of risk management for "Abu Dhabi Airport" for ensuring a very consistent as well as a relevant approach towards the risk management of the project. However, to analyze the need for a full-fledged growth in the expansion sector, The recommended phase can be enlisted below as primary and secondary recommendations done before and after the project management to avoid risk. Primary recommendations Phasing expansion- To avoid the elongated period of phasing involving risk, the phasing should be extended to a time that gives more flexibility in the planning process to monitor the changes done politically and economically for optimum scenarios. Systematic measurement- The establishment of key performance indicators that may be beneficial for risk management at the service level whether it is accompanied risk from the employees, stakeholders or environment. Encourage distribution traffic on off-peaks hours- the pricing is done to avoid risk to the expansion factor as well as the company should be recommended with pricing like peak pricing, incentive program, penalties and slot actions. Secondary Recommendations The adoptable structure of terminal The Abu Dhabhi airport expansion known by Midfield Terminal Building should keep in mind the growth of demand and the capacity to build. However, this can be possible by making an additional modular section in the airport that does not replicate the terminals but provides modifications. Employee management- The risk management team of the project of Midfield Terminal Building construction also has to remember that the risk data with a higher quality result in meaningful and significant outcomes to both increases the buy-in of senior management and support the decision-making process for contributing to the process of risk management. Furthermore, a more efficient process of reporting has conveyed that the clear risk management understanding towards the various organization layers. Therefore, the risk management team should create more awareness regarding managing risks throughout including the contractor, the design team, the construction management agency and the client team. Meanwhile, the risk management team has changed the risk management implementation from silo-based information as well as the disparate spreadsheets to a centralized enterprise database of risk management. To mitigate the risks of creating gateway process, Abu Dhabi Airport Authority has to support the collaborative working development. It would ensure that the project is ready for proceeding towards the next level by controlling each gateway for improving the visibility of cost, scope and time targets with the entire stakeholder's approval. In such a way, MTB's continuous success would largely come from an effective gateway process as well as a combination of proactive management technique of risks. However, future research can be based on more in-depth analysis according to passenger's expectations and their services regarding service level. Hence, the insight of passenger's expectations can also lead to planning areas with additional capacity for expansion that decreases the risk involves in those areas. Conclusion This entire study has mainly aimed at the risk management process in the context of the expansion of Abu Dhabi International Airport. However, the overall study has successfully implemented the critical analysis of the risks associated with the project of MTB construction. Most importantly, the study has identified the most important risks associated with the program such as the complexity of the project and the gateway process. However, to sustain the success and the popularity of Abu Dhabi International Airport, the risk management team has to implement all the possible recommendations those would result in a huge improvement of the project. Reference List Abudhabiairport.ae. 2016. [online] ABUDHABI AIRPORT. Available at: https://www.abudhabiairport.ae/english/ [Accessed 7 Mar. 2016]. Al-Dhaheri, A. and Kang, P.S., 2015. Lean Improvements to Passenger Departure Flow in Abu Dhabi Airport: Focus on Data from the Check-in Element. Al-Dhaheri, A., 2015. Developing an Integrated Method of Controlling the Flow of Departing Passengers: A study of passenger departure processes at Abu Dhabi International Airport. Artto, K.A. and Kahkonen, K., 2013.Managing risks in projects. Routledge. Asif, M., 2016. Growth and sustainability trends in the buildings sector in the GCC region with particular reference to the KSA and UAE.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, pp.1267-1273. Breysse, D., Tepeli, E., Khartabil, F., Taillandier, F., Medhizadeh, R. and Morand, D., 2013. Project risk management in construction projects: Developing modelling tools to favor a multidisciplinary approach.Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of structures and Infrastructures. Fewings, P., 2013.Construction project management: an integrated approach. Routledge. Haimes, Y.Y. 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Kaabi, K.A.S., 2014. 3 The air transport system of United Arab Emirates during the global financial crisis and Arab Spring.Airports, Cities and Regions, p.47. Kelly, J., Male, S. and Graham, D., 2014.Value management of construction projects. John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Rauda Al Saadiand, A.A., 2013. The Use of Public-Private Partnership In Infrastructure Development In Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN) Preston, UK 1820 March 2013, p.379. Roumboutsos, A. and Pantelias, A., 2015. Allocating Revenue Risk in Transport Infrastructure Public Private Partnership Projects: How it Matters.Transport Reviews,35(2), pp.183-203. Squalli, J., 2014. Airline passenger traffic openness and the performance of Emirates Airline.The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance,54(1), pp.138-145. Wilke, S., Majumdar, A. and Ochieng, W.Y., 2014. Airport surface operations: A holistic framework for operations modeling and risk management.Safety Science,63, pp.18-33.